1.  An Indian of the Great Plains hunting buffalo from horseback.  The buffalo provided food and hides for many Indian tribes in the West.  The almost complete destruction of the buffalo herds by white hunters was one of the great tragedies of the period.

2.  Trains like this, and the spread of railroad tracks into the West, helped make possible the spread of settlers and farms in the Great Plains.

3.  The Gilded Age was the period when big industry, including steel making, became the dominant part of the American economy.  For workers, however, hours and work conditions were often long and dangerous.

1.  "From where the sun now stands, I will..."

   This is a famous passage from a speech by Chief Joseph, a Nez Perce Indian.  In 1877, the tribe was ordered to give up their land in eastern Oregon and move to a reservation in Idaho.  Instead, Chief Joseph led hundreds of Indians who were part of his group on a 1,500 mile dash for the Canadian border.  He finally surrendered to the U.S. Army as his exhausted and starving followers were stopped just short of the border. 

2.  "In God we trusted.  In Kansas we busted."

   This saying expressed the frustration of many settlers who "busted" or went broke on farms in western states like Kansas and Nebraska in the decades after the Civil War.  The Homestead Act gave free farm land in the West to anyone who would settle on it for five years.  But when the farm land was far from water sources or roads, settlers often found it impossible to succeed.

3.  "Give me your tired, your poor..."

   These are the moving and often memorized words inscribed on  the base of the Statue of Liberty.  They are from a poem, "The New Colossus," written by Emma Lazarus in 1883 to help raise money to construct a base for the statue.  (The statue itself was a gift of the people of France to America.)  While immigrants at the time often found harsh living conditions and sometimes resentment from the native-born, these words express the powerful message of hope America held (and still holds) for most immigrants. 

4.  "So long as all the increased wealth..."